Scrapy Spider Related

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This is an automatically translated post by LLM. The original post is in Chinese. If you find any translation errors, please leave a comment to help me improve the translation. Thanks!

Request Spoofing

When crawling Tencent weather data, it was found that the weather data could not be successfully crawled. After some attempts, it was discovered that the issue lies in the request headers. The default request headers used by the spider when crawling web pages are:

This default request header may be blocked when crawling many websites, making it impossible to obtain web page data. Therefore, request header spoofing is needed to make the website think it is a browser accessing it. The operation steps are as follows:

  1. Create a new file HeaderMidWare.py in the project directory and write the following code:
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# encoding: utf-8
from scrapy.utils.project import get_project_settings
import random

settings = get_project_settings()

class ProcessHeaderMidware():
    """process request add request info"""

    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        """
        Randomly select a header from the list and pass it to user_agent for use
        """
        ua = random.choice(settings.get('USER_AGENT_LIST'))
        spider.logger.info(msg='now entering download midware')
        if ua:
            request.headers['User-Agent'] = ua
            # Add desired logging message here.
            spider.logger.info(u'User-Agent is : {} {}'.format(request.headers.get('User-Agent'), request))
        pass
  1. Add the following code to setting.py:
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USER_AGENT_LIST=[
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; 360SE)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24"
]

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
    'projectname.HeaderMidWare.ProcessHeaderMidware': 543,
}

After adding this, rerun the spider, and it will automatically select a user_agent for spoofing and successfully crawl the content on the web page.